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Forgotten both in life and death, Walerian Łukasiński spent a total of 46 years in tsarist prisons and fortresses, 37 of those in the dungeons of the Shlisselburg Fortress. He was considered by the Russian authorities as being one of the key instigators of the November Uprising. He became a secret prisoner of Tsar Nicholas I, and later of Alexander II.
The ninety years of Eugeniusz Cydzik’s life encompassed the defense of Grodno in September 1939, underground resistance in the ranks of the Home Army, daily struggle for survival in the Vorkuta labour camp, and in later years, tireless battles for the preservation of Polish monuments and cemeteries in Lviv and neighbouring area.
Edward Piekarski was one of those Poles who had, similarly to Aleksander Czekanowski, Jan Czerski, Wacław Sieroszewski and many others, fashioned the environment of his exile into terrain where he could deepen his research work.
During his years in New Zealand, Jan Wojciechowski – John Roy was involved in rescuing failing companies, which earned him a fortune. But in reality, he probably never stopped being little Janek, who, together with his family, was torn from his safe home in the village of Ostrówki near Drohiczyn Poleski by the Soviets in February 1940 and deported to the village of Nuchw-Oziero in the Plesetsk district of the Arkhangelsk region.
Tomasz Zan, co-founder of the Vilnius Philomath Society, is most often associated with his role as the spiritual leader of the prisoners imprisoned in “Konrad’s cell” from Part III of Mickiewicz’s “Forefathers’ Eve.” However, he was also a poet, a naturalist, and a
At only eighteen years of age, while still a student, Kazimierz Zieleniewski was exiled to Siberia during the January Uprising. Though he was supposed to spend the rest of his life there, he refused to be broken. On the contrary: he achieved great financial success, and his house in Tomsk became a focal point of Polish patriotic and cultural life.
Who was he really? A Pole? A Belarusian? An admirer of the simple Belarusian people and rural life or a khlopoman? Vincent “Vincuk” Dunin-Marcinkiewicz was probably a bit of each, which characterised many representatives of the borderland intelligentsia in the mid-19th century.
He was first sent to a gulag near Visher in the northern Urals in 1929, where he spent three years. Then, in 1937, he was sent to Kolyma, to the ‘white crematorium’, where he spent the next five years of his life.
Igor Strojecki: Leon Barszczewski was a pioneer of Polish reportage photography in 19th century.
While in exile, he returned to literary pursuits, writing among other things, the play No Rescue (Bez ratunku) and the essay An Enquiry into Shakespeare’s Dramatic Art (Studia nad dramatycznością w utworach Szekspira). He also translated foreign literature into Polish, including the works of Shakespeare, Victor Hugo, and Charles Dickens.
In the summer of 1863, due to Evelina’s deteriorating health, the Korzeniowskis obtained permission from the authorities to relocate to Chernihiv. Within only two years, Evelina was to pass away from tuberculosis. In the wake of her death, Apollo’s health also took a rapid turn for the worse — he, too, was suffering from tuberculosis with additional weakening brought on by heart disease. Although increasingly frail, he continued to write. In the spring of 1866, he made the difficult decision to send his son to live with his brother-in-law, Tadeusz Bobrowski.
In December 1867, Apollo finally received permission to leave Russia. He went first to Lviv, eventually settling in Kraków with his son in the spring of 1869. There, already incredibly weakened and afflicted, he yet again recommenced his activities, establishing contact with the newly founded periodical Kraj, also hoping to continue his writing. He was still hopeful that he could overcome his illness — alas, it was not to be. He died on May 23, 1869, and was buried in the Rakowicki Cemetery.
His son, Konrad, was subsequently taken into the care of his grandmother, Teofila Bobrowska, with his uncle Tadeusz later taking up the responsibility. In 1873, the teenage boy returned to Kraków. He had already, for several years been an honorary citizen of the city — a title that had been granted to him in recognition of his father’s merits.
