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This day marked the beginning of a new phase in the history of the Soviet Union. The assassination of Sergei Kirov gave rise to the deaths of millions of Soviet citizens. The ‘Great Purge’ and the ‘Great Terror’ were becoming a reality.
The 11th of November is National Independence Day in Poland. We celebrate it to commemorate the events of 1918, when the Regency Council in office in Warsaw handed over sovereignty over the reborn Polish Army to Józef Piłsudski. This this came about was due to several factors. First and foremost, it was down to the fact that Piłsudski had arrived in the Polish capital the previous day, having previously been released from the Magdeburg fortress, having been held there since August 1917.
Despite the fact that the Polish-Soviet War ended in March of 1921 and that Poland and Russia, later the Soviet Union, theoretically lived in peace, in effect the situation on the eastern border of Poland was far from peaceful for many years to come. . A decision was made that in order to secure Polish land, a special, elite unit should be formed in order to maintain peace on the eastern border of the country.
When we talk about the Battle of Warsaw in 1920, we usually think about August 15. However, the reality in the summer of 1920 was much more complicated , and the battle itself lasted much longer than one day.
There was a time when large numbers of Poles in the Soviet Union lost their lives simply because of their origin and surname. One of the elements of the “Great Terror” unleashed by Stalin in 1937-1938 was the so-called “Polish Operation”, in which NKVD officers, on suspicion of espionage, murdered at least 111,000 Poles.
On May 12, 1935, Marshal Józef Piłsudski died. He was buried at Wawel, in the crypt under the Tower of Silver Bells.
On 31 May 1935 around 6 a.m. a special train which carried an urn with Marshall Józef Piłsudski’s heart arrived at Vilnius.
On 30 January 1930, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) decided to launch the largest resettlement operation in the entire history of the Soviet Union, still referred to today as the ‘kulak deportation’.
On 4 July 1928, the founding congress of the Sybiraks’ Association was held at the Warsaw University of Technology.
Father Jan Cieplak was auxiliary bishop of the Mogilev archdiocese, at that time the largest Roman Catholic archdiocese in the world, covering the whole of Russia up to Sakhalin.
