The Tadeusz Kosciuszko 1st Infantry Division, hastily formed in the autumn of 1943 at Lenino, underwent its bloody baptism of fire. Most of the soldiers who had joined its ranks only a few months earlier ended up in the Soviet Union as victims of deportations and...

Tomasz Kizny: Kolyma. The first explorer who arrived there was a Polish geologist Jan Czerski, who was sent to Siberia for a participation in the January Uprising. By the end of the 1920s in mountains named after him gold was found. This is how the tragedy of Kolyma began – the largest in terms of forced labour and industry part of the Gulag.  It operated on the area of 3 million square kilometres, so on over 10% of the whole area of the USSR.

“The Golgotha of the East began for my family (mother, father, grandmother, brother Andrzej and me) on March 25, 1949, at night in Vilnius…” – recalled in 2002 a 55-year-old former deportee to Eastern Siberia. She was deported as a few years old girl, with her whole family. It is a letter written to a close person in Warsaw. We know nothing about either sender, much less the receiver. And the letter that recently came to me comes from the collection of late Roland Młynik from Warsaw…

Małgorzata Król One may ask how it happened that the widowed mother of six children joined Szymon Konarski's conspiracy? It is hard to believe that - burdened with responsibility for a large family and aware of the consequences, risking her own happiness and safety,...

Małgorzata Król: How do you call her, a woman who, as the ONLY exile women, also became the mother of a bishop-exile, who later became a saint of the Catholic Church? The only one is Ewa Felińska née Wendorff.

Nadezhda Kubik: For several years, the Pavlodar Land became home to over 11,000 Polish citizens.