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Włodzimierz Bolecki: ‘As a writer, I was born in a labour camp,’ Gustaw Herling-Grudziński said many times. This approach remains valid today and is reflected in the writer’s path to becoming an editor at Kultura.
Dmitriy Panto: Although the subject of the Great Famine in Ukraine (Holodomor) is widely known and researched, the history of this tragedy in Kazakhstan has largely gone without mention in Polish historiography.
Piotr Popławski discusses the circumstances behind the formation of Berling’s Army and the Sybirak elements of this story with Prof. dr hab. Karol Olejnik the eminent historian and researcher of the Polish army.
Ewa Ziółkowska: Last year in Russia, one by one, Polish memorial signs disappeared in unexplained circumstances. Crosses, plaques and entire multi-ton stone monuments were removed. This is the Russian response to Poland’s involvement in helping Ukraine attacked by Russia in February 2022.
They had served Poland for years. Throughout the war, they fought for the country’s independence. They did not want to allow Poland to become dependent on either Germany or the Soviet Union. And although they came from different worlds – among them were politicians, soldiers, lawyers, economists – they were united by their love for their homeland and a common faith, that led them to the courtroom in Moscow.
On August 14, a Polish-Soviet military agreement regulating the formation of the Polish Armed Forces in the USSR was officially signed. Now ten of thousands of men, women and children, who wanted to escape Soviet captivity, could head towards Buzuluk, where the formation of Polish units began.
In the spring of 1943 the formation of the 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division began in Seltsy located on the Oka River in the Soviet Union. Colonel Zygmunt Berling (later a general) was placed at its head.
Podcast: The diary of Marianna Waszczuk, a resident of the village of Czeremcha in Podlasie, is a story written at the time of real events, which began with her deportation from her homeland to distant Siberia.
Adam Hlebowicz: The formation of the underground youth organisation the Union of Defenders of Freedom (ZOW – Związek Obrońców Wolności) in Polesia in 1946 arouses amazement and admiration for the heroism and determination of a group of Polish youth. After two years of activity, many of its members found themselves in labour camps in Vorkuta.
The last weeks of the World War Two in Europe. Last, but critical engagements, and at the same time, more victims. In the morning of 16 April 1945 the operation of crossing the Oder river started, in which soldiers of the First Polish Army took part. Among the Polish units the First Infantry Division was present, a division which one and a half year earlier was sent to fight in the battle of Lenino.
