Harbin – the Capital of Catholicism in Siberia. History of the functioning of the Catholic Structures and Parishes.
Harbin – the Capital of Catholicism in Siberia. History of the functioning of the Catholic Structures and Parishes.
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Borovichi – Crime and Remembrance. Home Army Soldiers in NKVD-MVD Camp No. 270
Almost exactly 80 years after the deportation of Polish soldiers, in the early morning hours of December 8, 2024, local residents discovered that the memorial complex dedicated to the victims of Camp No. 270 in Jogola had been vandalized and desecrated.
16.04.1922. GERMANY AND THE RUSSIANS ARE BACK TOGETHER, SIGNING THE TREATY OF RAPALLO
The end of World War I did not mean the arrival of absolute peace in Europe. On the contrary, – one effect of the Great War was the economic instability seen in numerous countries. For the Entente countries, reparations paid by Germany and the return of loans taken out by Russia during the tsarist era offered a chance for overcoming such difficulties. However, both the Germans and the Russians were not so willing to pay off their debts. It was therefore decided to deal with these two urgent matters at an international economic conference, which was convened in the spring of 1922 in Genoa, Italy.
Leon Barszczewski’s (1849–1910) expeditions through the former Emirate of Bukhara
Igor Strojecki: The collection of photographs that Leon Barszczewski took between 1885 and 1909 is unique, and perhaps the only one of its kind in this part of Europe.
LEON BARSZCZEWSKI (1849–1910) – COLONEL OF THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN ARMY, PHOTOGRAPHER, GEOLOGIST, ETHNOGRAPHER, AND EXPLORER OF CENTRAL ASIAN PEOPLES
Igor Strojecki: Leon Barszczewski was a pioneer of Polish reportage photography in 19th century.
10.02.1940 – They came at dawn… For the first time
In the early morning of the 10th of February 1940, loud knocking sounds were heard on doors in many thousands of houses located in the Soviet-occupied territories of pre-war Poland. The first of four deportation operations organised and carried out by the Soviets was about to begin. The first targets were forestry workers and military and civilian settlers. Typically, together with their families, they were sent off to the East. The NKVD’s operational triads breaking into the homes of Polish citizens heralded the impending tragedy of hundreds of thousands of innocent people. The events of February 1940 came as a huge surprise, as the Soviets had not yet carried out such a large-scale repressive action since the beginning of the occupation in September 1939.
31.01.1985. Death of the “uncompromising communist” – Józef Mackiewicz
Prose writer, publicist, journalist. One of the most outstanding Polish writers of the 20th century, nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1975 by the Department of Slavonic Studies at the University of Kansas. Józef Mackiewicz.
18.01.1654. Ukraine in Russian “embrace”
Fighting between the Republic of Poland and the Cossacks had been going on for several years. Among the most important clashes of this period, it is worth mentioning the Battle of Zhovti Vody, Korsun and Piławce in 1648, the siege of Lviv, Zamość and Zbarazh and the battle of Zborov in 1649, as well as the battles of Beresteczko in 1651 and Batoh in 1652.
15.01.1582. The truce of Yam-Zapolsky
For many years, Ivan IV, known as Ivan the Terrible, who headed the Russian Empire, had been eagerly eyeing Inflants, a territory mainly divided between Poland, Lithuania and Sweden. Their task was to conquer these territories entirely for the benefit of Russia. It can be said therefore, that the beginnings of “Russian” Siberia were also the beginnings of “Polish” Sybir.
30.11.1939 WHEN DED MOROZ WAS NOT IN FAVOUR – THE BEGINNING OF THE WINTER WAR
On the 30th of November 1939, without officially declaring war, the Red Army launched its attack on Finland. Soviet propaganda pointed out how this came in response to Finnish provocations. The truth, however, was different – it was the Soviets who had shelled their own territory in order to obtain the pretext to attack. What the Kremlin did not expect was how embarrassing the decision to invade would ultimately turn out to be. Moreover, Vyacheslav Molotov, People’s Commissar of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, was said to have assured that on Stalin’s birthday (the 18th of December) he would drink a cocktail in honour of his leader in captured Helsinki. Cocktails were indeed eagerly “delivered” to the Soviets, but they were Molotov cocktails, or incendiary bottles, employed by Finns to attack Soviet tanks. Their name, which was coined by Finnish soldiers, was intended as a response to the words of the People’s Commissar.