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From ‘lost’ to ‘recovered’ territories. The resettlement of the Polish population from the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic to the west between 1944 and 1946

23/03/2026

Grzegorz Hryciuk

Following the agreement of the Anglo-American powers at the Tehran Conference to the annexation of eastern Polish territories, and after the establishment of the Polish Committee of National Liberation, the Soviet authorities resumed the process of Sovietisation in Lithuania and in the so-called western regions of the Ukrainian and Belarusian SSRs. They sought to consolidate the border changes by removing all or part of the Polish population, regarded not only as a nationalist element but also as particularly anti-Soviet, and by resettling Lithuanians, Belarusians and Ukrainians from areas situated west of the new Polish-Soviet border.

A photo of a couple of people standing in the opened door of the cattle carriage
Repatriates? 1945–1946. Collections of the Sybir Memorial Museum

This was in line with the intentions of the authorities of ‘Lublin’s Poland’, which – in order to legitimise their rule – sought the national homogenisation of the state (in line with the slogans of nationalist circles) and (for propaganda reasons) acted in the interests of the Polish population threatened by UPA terror in Eastern Galicia and Volhynia. (…)

The full version of the article in Polish language is here: https://swiatsybiru.pl/pl/z-ziem-utraconych-na-odzyskane-przesiedlenia-ludnosci-polskiej-z-kresow-wschodnich-ii-rzeczypospolitej-na-zachod-w-latach-1944-1946/

Full English language version is coming soon.

Grzegorz Hryciuk, historian and Associate Professor at the University of Wrocław