TIMELINE

Father Jan Cieplak was auxiliary bishop of the Mogilev archdiocese, at that time the largest Roman Catholic archdiocese in the world, covering the whole of Russia up to Sakhalin.

This is what journalist Bruno Korotyński wrote in 1924 about the slaughter in Warsaw’s Praga district. It was one of the last, and at the same time most tragic, episodes of the Kościuszko Uprising. On 4 November 1794, after the Polish army had been defeated, Cossacks slaughtered about 20,000 civ

The first Siberian fortresses were built by Polish prisoners of war who had been taken captive by Moscow authorities precisely during the war initiated by Stefan Batory.